The Lost Continent

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Featuring Ingrid Bergman as the continent of Australia!

Australia doesn’t seem to have been much of a box office draw, not until the native industry really got on its feet in the ’70s. Anything that happened in the outback would be more pleasing if it happened in the Wild West, seems to have been the attitude of audiences. So Ealing’s THE OVERLANDERS was a costly flop (see comments, below, for a correction here) , and when Michael Powell had a hit in the ’60s with THEY’RE A WEIRD MOB, it just seemed to confirm the suspicions of British producers that his career was on the skids.

UNDER CAPRICORN, Hitchcock’s only down-under movie (although THE BIRDS gets Aussie points for featuring Antipodean icon Rod Taylor) is also one of his two Irish-themed films, following distantly on from JUNO AND THE PAYCOCK. We can’t be sure if the Irish connection was an attraction or a handicap, since Hitch kept his ancestry pretty secret until after his death. (I can only assume biographer Patrick McGilligan was delighted to uncover the facts.)

Of course, nobody’s Irish or Australian in the film — Michael Wilding and Joseph Cotten make improbable Irishmen, and Ingrid Bergman is a hilarious bit of casting, although unlike them she does actually try to put on an accent, for her first couple of scenes. After that, on the assumption that everybody will have stopped listening anyway, she quietly drops it and goes full Swede.

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For this, Hitchcock’s first British shoot since JAMAICA INN, he enlisted Scottish playwright James Bridie (The Anatomist), which he later came to regret — Bridie’s third acts were never much good. And, like so many previous British Hitchcocks, UNDER CAPRICORN lacks a clear POV character to focus Hitch’s subjective effects. The romantic triangle (a regular Hitch obsession, best handled so far in NOTORIOUS) causes us to leap around, starting from Michael Wilding’s perspective — but Wilding is too diffident a player, and his character too lightly invested in the story, even as he falls in love, to hold the centre — then switching around between Cotten — seriously grumpy and taciturn, with no theatrical exaggeration to colour the gloom — and Bergman — whose story is magnificently dramatic once it actually kicks in, which is late in the day indeed.

Hitch’s long takes seem to bring out my long sentences, don’t they?

Apart from the long takes, a hangover from ROPE which the director came to consider a serious blunder in this movie (the fluidity emphasizing that this isn’t a thriller: though that might have been useful clarification for the audience), the main stylistic factors of note are the artificial, studio-bound 19th century Australia (it was interesting to see this after the location-work of Bill Douglas’s COMRADES) and the photography of Jack Cardiff, which adds a romanticism which ROPE, Hitch’s only previous Technicolor production, had not required (although that miniature ’40s skyline had an allure of its own). David Wingrove, meeting for a milkshake and handing over a stack of rare Jacques Demy DVDs, suggested that Ingrid’s entrance, barefoot and distracted, was almost worthy of Tennessee Williams.

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Oh, actually, Richard Addinsell’s music is very nice, lightly Celtic and lushly romantic and melancholy. A shame he never worked with Hitchcock again — in fact, he rarely seems to have had a repeat engagement with any director, despite working for Lean, Reed, Powell, Olivier, Jennings, Roy Ward Baker…

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Ah, that head! Havings shunned the suspenser for an hour, UC abruptly nosedives into horror movie terrain, with Margaret Leighton as a down-under Mrs Danvers. This is the second-scariest severed head on a pillow in cinema (the scariest, of course, being Arthur Lowe in THEATRE OF BLOOD, which freaked me out for months.) Leighton’s plot to drive Ingrid to alcoholism (a considerably more practical scheme than driving someone to madness, though perhaps not the way she goes about it) is pure GASLIGHT, reminding me I need to run the Thorold Dickinson version.

Remarkable how the film really shakes itself awake once Hitchcock has a clear POV character, a conspiracy, suspense, horror, a woman in peril, and lots of sharply-cut close-up. Well, maybe not “remarkable” — what’s the word I want? Oh yes — natural. But in essence, the most pleasing aspect of the film is the same as its most glaring flaw — it doesn’t know what it is. So it’s somewhat unpredictable and strange. Hitchcock may be ill at ease in period garb, and his attempts to get humour into the story may backfire (the blustering Cecil Parker, always good value, ends up as part of the third act menace, which robs the drama of force), but as curate’s eggs go, the film has a lot more going for it than, say, WALTZES FROM VIENNA.

45 Responses to “The Lost Continent”

  1. Arthur S. Says:

    I think UNDER CAPRICORN would have been a masterpiece if the story would have been tighter and the male leads better cast. But I think it’s really special as it is. And it’s quite Hitchcockian in how it deals with relationships.

    What makes Margaret Leighton different from Mrs. Danvers is that she is in love with Joseph Cotten for one thing. The second thing is she was there to support Joseph Cotten while she was sick with the guilt of doing the murder that he took the rap for. There is also the class issue, she’s the hostess and she’s the housekeeper who runs the house. And of course she’s from the same class that Joseph Cotten is from while Ingrid Bergman is a daughter of a gentry who married below her birth.

  2. Leighton’s certainly more sympathetic than Danvers, although what she’s doing is even nastier.

    The relationship stuff is very good — when Cotten buys rubies for Bergman but then doesn’t present them, it’s quite touching.

    Hitchcock’s first casting idea for the Cotten role, Burt Lancaster, would have been interesting. But were there really no suitable Irish actors?

  3. I had no idea this film was in color. And it’s Color By Cardiff. Seems I recall trying to watch this many years ago and in my recollection it was in black and white. Which tells me I may have been watching it on a B&W TV. I don’t have access to this film right now, but you’ve definitely elevated my interest in seeing it again (Ingrid looks as lovely as I’ve ever seen her in your first grab).

  4. Under Capricorn was a HuGE deal for the “Cahiers du Cinema” gang. Far more than Vertigo,/i> it was to them “proof” of Hitchcock’s mastery and overwhelming importance. Amd it all hinged on what they saw as the Very Catholic spectacle of “confession” — which we all know is “good for the soul.” Read the Rohmer and Chabrol book on Hitch for the ecstacies they perceived in it.

    I imagine for them there was much Bergman cross-fertilization with the Rossellini movies they were trumpeting at the same time.

  5. Somebody shot a screen test of Ingrid in Technicolor when she first came to Hollywood, and in one of those occasional fits of madness it was decided that color did nothing for her and she should be shot in b&w. The test is absolutely stunning, of course.

    Being as it’s not a thriller, UC is pretty interesting because it does show Hitchcockian themes in operation without the crime movie format to organize them, as in The Manxman etc. And as in many of those films, the lack of tight structure and defining POV is felt.

    I was thinking about how you might give it a tighter plot, and to do so you’d probably have to lose Margaret Leighton and her sub-plot: the strongest stuff in the film!

    You’re right about the confession subplot, David E. Even though the exact religious denomination of the characters isn’t discussed, it’s all very Catholic. Hitch had been thinking about making I Confess around this time.

    Bergman’s confession also serves the same function as Peck’s recalled trauma in Spellbound.

  6. Under Capricorn shows what happens to Hitch’s romantic side when it’s unmoored from a thriller context. He tries to bring that context back in at the climax but it’s a tad too late. What remains is Hitch’s obsession with Ingrid Bergman.

    And who can blame him?

  7. I’m not sure that The Overlanders was exactly a “costly flop;” I believe it did pretty well in both Britain and Australia, and that success inspired Ealing to film four more movies in Australia, with rapidly diminishing financial and artistic returns.

  8. I stand corrected, thanks for that. I guess I picked up on the negative consequences of that hit. Or something.

  9. “since Hitch kept his ancestry pretty secret until after his death”

    Really? Being Catholic in the UK means there’s a fair chance you are Irish or of Irish roots… Which was the non-irish type of British Catholic Hitchcock pretended to be?

  10. I agree that even though “The Overlanders” was a reasonable success, it didn’t have any significant impact in terms of altering the impression of Australia as a cinema-producing nation. It was probably the best vehicle Chips Rafferty’s particular charm ever had, though.

  11. In his authorized biography, by John Russell Taylor, it says that the roots of the Hitchcock family’s Catholicism are lost in the mists of time! Patrick McGilligan easily located Hitchcock’s Irish uncles. So either Taylor was put off the scent by Hitch, or he agreed to suppress the facts.

    The snowjob was so successful that, as Paul Duane remarked here, he’d never heard Hitchcock claimed by the Irish.

    I have a copy of The Overlanders somewhere and I really should get around to looking at it.

  12. Interesting data, I think I’ll put it in a little “game of 7 differences” for a post in the works… But why should he want to obliterate it? Was there anything wrong with it?

  13. “No Irish” signs in lodging-house windows were a common sight in Hitchcock’s day, and considerably later. So he may well have felt uncomfortable with his Irish roots. His relationship to class is complex already — he resented the English class system, but couldn’t help but be conscious of it at all times. Under Capricorn is all about this.

  14. Did you skip ROPE? (Pun unintentional.)

  15. don’t forget THE SUNDOWNERS!

    haven’t seen this one in ages–but like a lot of others, I’m thinking about watching it again for the Cardiff…

  16. Rope was last Wednesday!

    The Sundowners couldn’t be shoehorned into my sloppily anti-Australian thesis because I wasn’t sure if it was a hit or not. I expect it probably was.

    Cardiff perhaps can’t light as beautifully as he did for Powell because the moving camera is king here, but some of the shots are extremely beautiful — I like the way the camera surges through a couple of rooms after Michael Wilding at the start, falling behind and then catching up.

  17. Dan Callahan Says:

    I’m really loving this Hitchcock series; and by all means, I hope you do for William Dieterle what you’ve done for Julien Duvivier.

    I love “Under Capricorn,” but it was a love that took a number of years and viewings to solidify. I hope it isn’t too tacky to provide a link to a piece I wrote about Bergman’s big “confession” take:

    http://www.reverseshot.com/article/under_capricorn

    Oh, and which Demy films are you watching? I’m crazy about him-

  18. Thanks for the link, will read pronto.

    I suspect I’ll continue to swing back and forth on this movie each time I see it, but that’s cool. I like films I can’t decide about.

    Just enjoyed Une Chambre en Ville, looking forward to Model Shop. Lady Oscar — not so great, but bizarre.

    Tomorrow, alas, I’m kicking the crap out of a Dieterle movie, but I hope to right this with some more positive stuff soon. Even when he’s bad, Big Wilhelm is bad in his own particular way.

  19. Oh I’m so glad you’ve seen Une Chambre en Ville! It’s a masterpeice that’s vitually unkonwn in the U.S. All-sung like The Umbrellas of Cherbourg it was inspired by an incident that involved Demy’s family.

    Michel Colombier did the score because Jacques and Michel had had a falling out over Jacques’ coming-out.

    Model Shop is a lovely gentle trifle. Jacques was hoping to wrok more in the U.S. but alas that didn’t happend.

    Lady Oscar requires a whole chapter and a half to discuss its origins and meaning.

  20. Une Chambre seemed like close to top-notch Demy, although Baie des Anges is my favourite.

    Lady Oscar is very peculiar — I know some of the stories behind it now, but it’s still deeply peculiar. But the ending ties in perfectly with Une Chambre, with the clash of the personal and the political.

  21. Christopher Says:

    I saw They’re a Weird Mob on its first run in Sydney in the 60s..the weird mob certinly made a fuss over it..its about US!!!..I can scarcely remember it..”Bush Christmas” from 1947, is a pleasent little Aussie film,part b-western,part Fury -tv show…minor fun..

  22. Powell’s second Australian-shot film, Age of Consent, is generally judged to be much better.

  23. It’s the debut of Helen Mirren!

  24. It’s pretty amusing how a debate can go in all kinds of unusual directions: from Hitchcock to Helen Mirren in 23 comments ;)

    I do recommend The Overlanders, if only for the ways in which it reinforces Australian (self) mythologies, and I do like Chips Rafferty. The director, Harry Watt, seems to have been Ealing’s man for foreign climes: he made another movie in Australia before shooting two Ealing films in East Africa (Where No Vultures Fly and West of Zanzibar). The latter film was banned in Kenya (or Kenya Colony at the time), after a gala premiere with the colonial officials as guests of honour, had already been announced. Guess they had to cancel that one in a hurry.

  25. Tony Williams Says:

    David C, One can not expect accurate accents in any film then and now as with Mr. Mapother in VALKYRIE. Similarly in VIRUS (1980), Chuck Connors British submarine commander speaks with an American accent. They wouldn’t know the difference in Osaka, anyway!

    However, let us not forget that the Wilding character belongs to the Anglo-Irish gentry which means he has an English cultivated accent. Also, all characters have not been in Ireland long enough to possess fully fledged Chips Rafftery accent.

    Fair dinkum mate!

  26. Found and read your ROPE post (it didn’t come up before when I clicked on your Hitchcock and Hitchcock Year tags). Seems to me one cannot talk about UC’s long takes without also talking about ROPE, because in ROPE they *work* whereas in UC they often seem lugubrious – slowing down sequences that ought to be more tightly paced.

    The difference might be that in ROPE, Hitchcock was executing a variation of the “bomb under the table” scenario he describes in various interviews, the idea that if the audience knows there’s a bomb in the room, innocent and banal dialogue immediately becomes interesting and suspenseful. In the case of ROPE, the “bomb under the table” is the body in the trunk that compels the audience to wonder if and when it will be discovered and by whom. (In the first dialogue-heavy chapter of Tarantino’s INGLOURIOUS BASTERDS, it’s the Jews under the floorboards.) UC has no equivalent of a “bomb under the table” to make its long, dialogue-heavy takes compelling.

    Which is not to say you can’t make long takes work in a period setting, -even without conventional suspense devices. They CAN work, as Max Ophuls so often proved.

  27. That’s a nice analysis. I have mixed feelings about some of the long takes in UC. Soaring up from a ground-level conversation to Ingrid on her balcony gives a romantic dreamy feeling to the scene, but gently drifting back down to earth again made me a bit impatient, because we know roughly where we’re going on the return journey.

    Rope definitely gains from the long take because it can juxtapose the trunk in the foreground with characters in the background, its most suspenseful compositional trope. Repeatedly cutting to shots of the trunk might have gotten tiresome, since it’s inert, although Hitch could no doubt have solved that, as he did with the quick shots of the about-to-explode bomb in Sabotage.

    I think long takes might even have a particular affinity with period movies, adding a you-are-there insistency to the recreation of bygone scenes. Russian Ark is a rather special approach to this.

    Dan Callahan’s piece suggests that the long takes assist in a rather different approach to POV than is usual in Hitchcock, and he might be right. I also like his assertion that the film changes each time you see it, which I’ve found to be true. The story itself is haunted by past events, which we never see, and the movie seems to have an odd relationship to memory — as Guy discovered, above.

    I disagree with Dan’s point about the cut allowing the eye to take a break. Because of the insistent pace of film, the eye most especially DOESN’T rest at a cut, it is forced to take in a whole new view in a way that it doesn’t really have to most of the time in life (when we instantly refocus on something new within our field of vision, we already have a context to base our expectations on, whereas in film this is frequently not the case). This is why filmmakers, especially bad ones, use cuts to stimulate the eye and keep the viewer wide awake.

  28. Tony, inaccurate accents have a long and sometimes noble history in the movies. What’s slightly problematic in UC is that Ingrid attempts an Irish accent early on, but the men from her own class, Wilding and Parker, sound totally English. She should really have matched her accent to theirs, which might have been easier for her to sustain (she could have had Wilding give her line readings to keep her on track).

    Since Tom Cruise is speaking English in Valkyrie, I’m not sure it matters what accent he uses — for consistency, the other Germans should all have been played by Americans, though. I do quite like Milos Forman’s inconsistent use of American and English accents in Amadeus and Valmont. The one thing that wouldn’t have worked would be to throw in an Austrian or French accent or two.

  29. Gareth, I was excited by the idea of Ealing remaking a Lon Chaney vehicle, but alas their West of Zanzibar appears to be unrelated to his. Alec Guinness of course was Ealing’s own Man of a Thousand Faces…

  30. Dan Callahan Says:

    I can’t stand fast, strobe-like cutting, in general. To continue the analogy I made in the “Capricorn” piece, it would be like continually starting a new paragraph in a novel before you’ve even finished a sentence. I don’t want to push the comparison too far (or it will break), but there can also be a kind of stasis/ennui created by long shots when you don’t have a Hitchcock behind the camera. I think Preminger is a master of the long take, but even some of his don’t quite work out, especially when the actors have to be post-dubbed in some of his later films.

    I’ve heard that Agnes Varda is working on a restoration of Demy’s “Un Chambre,” and it will have a big release, as did “Young Girls,” “Donkey Skin,” “Umbrellas” etc.

    David, I’m interested to hear more details about Demy/Legrand and their falling out. It’s great that Varda restores his work, but it’s also a bit amazing that in 20 years of making documentaries on him and his career that she has barely addressed their life together, his gayness, etc. and how that worked itself out.

    There are some bad Dieterle’s, I’m sure—but I just saw four very obscure ones on TCM, and ALL of them were interesting—especially “The Firebird” and “Boots Malone.”

  31. Tony Williams Says:

    David, Parker’s Governor is a British appointee as was common in those days and I do take your point about the discrepancy in Ingrid’s different. accents. But, after a while, it does not bother me since she is quintessentially Ingrid. I guess it is just a matter of personal taste here since other things are going on in the film: the long takes and personal melodrama (Robin Wood’s reading of the film is so good here) that I just forget about these issues.

  32. Arthur S. Says:

    For me the opening shot of UNE CHAMBRE EN VILLE with the monochrome stand-off between the cops and the riots is brilliant. And then they start singing…it’s terrific stuff. Shows why being left-wing is so cool.

    UNDER CAPRICORN is a very Catholic film and a story of a romantic passion burnt out by sordid reality anticipates THE WRONG MAN, where Vera Miles slowly goes mad because of what happens to the man she loves.

  33. I just watched Revenge, a horrific episode of AH Presents directed by the master himself, in which Vera Miles plays a very close approximation of her Wrong Man character. What a terrific actress she was.

    Obviously the life can bleed out of a long take if the actors aren’t strong enough, the situation not interesting enough, or the framing falls apart. A cut provides an injection of energy, but it’s crucial to me that it should do more than that. Preferably a cut should do at least two or three things at once — provide new information, make a dramatic point, divide two dramatic elements…

  34. Yes, sadly there’s nothing nearly as exciting as “Dead Legs” in the Ealing West of Zanzibar

  35. It also shows why ALL films should be musicals, Arthur.

  36. Arthur S. Says:

    Oh for sure. Provided all films are scored by Michel Colombier.

  37. I’m agnostic about sung dialogue — although what’s fascinating in Demy is that you just have to go with it — but I agree that the ability to burst into song is something movies ought to exploit a whole lot more, and not feel ashamed of it.

  38. david wingrove Says:

    Did Jacques Demy ever actually ‘come out’ as gay? His alleged homosexuality is written all over his films, but I’ve never heard of him saying anything ‘on the record’.

    And what about the sexuality of Agnes Varda? Shirley Clarke, who appears in LIONS LOVE, insisted that AV was definitely a lesbian – whether or not she knew it herself.

    No idea what the lady herself has to say.

  39. He was right on the verge of doing so — and then he got AIDS. So did his lover, producer David Bombyck (Explorers, Witness) alos deceased. (He gave me an incredbly beautful poster for Phillipe Garrel’s Le Berceau du Cristal just before he died.)

  40. david wingrove Says:

    My God, I had absolutely no idea Demy had AIDS! Just shows you how well those French privacy laws actually work.

    LE BERCEAU DE CRISTAL, by the way, is an achingly beautiful film- one of Garrel’s best. I can only imagine what the poster must be like.

  41. Mathieu did the AIDS musical Jeanne and the Perfect Guy as an explicit tribute to his father.

  42. The poster is by Frederick Pardo. It’s a woozy/dreamy Odilon Redonesque image of a forest glade with some sort of gleaming sacrificial altar thingy in the middle of it.

  43. Tony Williams Says:

    I did not know this and it is so tragic for everyone concerned.

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